iea Energy Sub-Saharan Africa Programme in Nigeria Ninth largest oil exporter in 2022 Large chemical producer Nigeria is a large producer and exporter of oil and gas, although bioenergy still holds an important place in total supply. Electricity is generated predominantly from natural gas, followed by hydro. The residential sector is the largest consumer, mostly using bioenergy. Electricity accounts for 5% of total final consumption. Nigeria is endowed with 209.26 Tcf of natural gas and 37.5 Gbbl of oil reserves, placing the country amongst the largest producers globally. Presently, challenges in the power supply and limited economic diversification constrain economic growth. KEY POLICIES The National Development Plan (2021–2025) aims to maximise the countrys potential and promote inclusive growth and sustainable development. It seeks to deliver greater energy access and a shift towards a green economy. The National Energy Policy (2022) and National Energy Masterplan (2022) emphasise leveraging abundant resources for sustainable energy development and engaging the private sector. The Sustainable Energy for All Action Agenda (2016) established Vision 30-30-30, which targets 30 GW grid capacity by 2030, with 30% from renewables. This target has since been updated in the Nigeria Energy Transition Plan (2021) to 42 GW of grid capacity and 6.3 GW of decentralised renewables. This plan also targets carbon neutrality by 2060, universal modern energy access, and a just transition for fossil fuel, requiring around USD$ 10 billion of annual investments. The countrys Nationally Determined Contribution aims to eliminate diesel generators by 2030. Energy statistics in Nigeria are governed by the Statistics Act of 2007, the legal instrument established by parliament. KEY DATA ENERGY MIX Total energy supply, 2022 Population Total final consumption, 2022 CO2 emissions per capita ELECTRICITY MIX 0.47 tCO2 per capita indicate the evolution of the indicator compared to 2021 Energy intensity Electricity generation by source, 2022 5 820 MJ per thousand 2015 USD 534.7 billion USD (2015 prices and ex rates) Net exports 2062.7 PJ Share of renewables in electricity generation 24.5% * * * ACCESS TO CLEAN COOKING AND ELECTRICITY 144 million people rely on traditional biomass for cooking 22% of population has access to clean cooking 67% of population has access to electricity While Nigeria ranks in the top third of countries in sub-Saharan Africa for electricity access, progress has been slow, with a big urban-rural divide. Current policies see a strong role for solar home systems and mini-grids in bridging this divide. 93% Nigeria is in the middle third of countries in sub-Saharan Africa regarding clean cooking access and has seen rapid improvements over the past 10 years, with clean cooking a clear political priority. The national strategy envisions that more than half of the households will gain access to clean cooking with LPG, and 20% will do so with electricity by 2030\. Improved biomass cookstoves will remain important in rural communities. of the population in urban areas has access to electricity 37% of the population in rural areas has access to electricity people are without access to electricity TRACKING SECURE ENERGY TRANSITION Nigeria relies heavily on natural gas for electricity production. Due to grid reliability issues, many households and businesses rely on backup generators. The National Gas Expansion Program aims to boost domestic natural gas use for power and industry, reducing fuel imports and improving grid reliability. The government is also investing in renewable energy, particularly solar, to diversify electricity generation and is seeking to enhance grid infrastructure. \[Image: Im0\] Note: Positive net value indicates that the country is dependent on imports of the energy source. Negative net value indicates that the country is a net exporter of the energy source. \[Image: Im0\] Nigeria has some of the largest oil and gas reserves globally. However, refining capabilities have sharply declined over the past two decades, leading to almost all refined oil products being imported. To address this, Nigeria recently opened a refinery with a 650,000-barrel-per-day capacity and is working to rehabilitate state-owned refineries. \[Image: Im0\] Oil theft poses a significant challenge for the country and is estimated to affect as much as 25% of production, causing considerable production declines in recent years. \[Image: Im0\] Nigeria imports and exports (energy security) \[Image: Im0\] | TJ | Exports | | Imports | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Crude oil | | -2395988 | | | Oil products | | | 1008853 | | Electricity | -8341 | | | | Natural gas | -667242 | | | | Total | -3071571 | | 1008853 | Nationally determined contribution targets for energy Unconditional (2035) 136.2 Mt CO2 146.3 Mt CO2 94.5 Mt CO2 Power infrastructure map The map below shows the types and capacities of power plants in the country as well as the electricity grid. \[Image: Im0\] Weather trend map \[Image: Im0\] \[Image: Im0\] Source: IEA, Global Energy Monitor, World Bank Group, WorldPop \[Image: Im0\] The map below shows the annual trend of cooling degree days (indicator for space cooling needs) at grid level for 1979-2023. \[Image: Im0\] Source: IEA SDG7 Database, IEA World Energy Balances 2024. Data refer to year 2022\. The emission and NDC estimates are for energy CO2 emissions from fuel combustion only and are an IEA assessment. Please check the documentation on the IEAs Climate Pledges Explorer for more details on the methodology. \[Image: Im0\]