# Amount of emissions released by fuel burn Source: EUROCONTROL Standard Inputs for Economic Analyses, Chapter 7 URL: https://ansperformance.eu/economics/cba/standard-inputs/latest/chapters/amount_of_emissions_released_by_fuel_burn.html Accessed: 2026-06-19 --- 7 Amount of emissions released by fuel burn – EUROCONTROL Standard Inputs for Economic Analyses [![](../media/EUROCONTROL-logo-standard-rgb.png)](../index.html)[Standard Inputs for Economic Analyses](../index.html) - [Home](https://ansperformance.eu/) - [Performance areas](#) - [Balanced scorecard](https://www.eurocontrol.int/Economics/BalancedScorecard.html) - [Traffic](https://ansperformance.eu/traffic/) - [Daily traffic dashboard](https://www.eurocontrol.int/Economics/DailyTrafficVariation-States.html) - [Service units](https://www.eurocontrol.int/ServiceUnits/Dashboard/EnRouteMainDashboard.html) - [Traffic forecast](https://ansperformance.eu/traffic/statfor/) - [Punctuality](https://ansperformance.eu/traffic/punctuality/) - [Daily punctuality dashboard](https://www.eurocontrol.int/Economics/DailyPunctuality-States.html) - [Network punctuality](https://ansperformance.eu/traffic/punctuality/#eurocontrol-area-network-view-1) - [State & airport punctuality](https://ansperformance.eu/traffic/punctuality/#state-view-1) - [En-route & airport delays](https://ansperformance.eu/capacity/) - [Daily ATFM delays dashboard](https://www.eurocontrol.int/Economics/DailyDelay-States.html) - [En-route ATFM delays](https://ansperformance.eu/capacity/atfm_ert/) - [Airport ATFM delays](https://ansperformance.eu/capacity/atfm_apt/) - [All-causes delays](https://ansperformance.eu/capacity/tot_dly) - [Efficiency & environment](https://ansperformance.eu/efficiency/) - [CO2 emissions](https://ansperformance.eu/efficiency/emissions/) - [Horizontal flight efficiency](https://ansperformance.eu/efficiency/hfe/) - [Vertical flight efficiency](https://ansperformance.eu/efficiency/vfe/) - [Terminal holdings](https://ansperformance.eu/efficiency/asma/) - [Taxi-out](https://ansperformance.eu/efficiency/taxiout/) - [Taxi-in](https://ansperformance.eu/efficiency/taxiin/) - [Economics](https://ansperformance.eu/economics/) - [ATM cost-effectiveness (ACE)](https://ansperformance.eu/economics/ace-overview/) - [Unit rates and costs](https://www.eurocontrol.int/ServiceUnits/Dashboard/EnRouteUnitRates.html) - [Service units](https://www.eurocontrol.int/ServiceUnits/Dashboard/EnRouteMainDashboard.html) - [ANSPs financial dashboard](https://ansperformance.eu/economics/finance/) - [Standard Inputs for Economic Analyses](https://ansperformance.eu/economics/cba/) - [Stakeholder views](#) - [Airports](https://ansperformance.eu/dashboard/stakeholder/airport/) - [Air navigation service provider](https://ansperformance.eu/dashboard/stakeholder/ansp/) - [States](https://ansperformance.eu/dashboard/stakeholder/state/) - [Data](https://ansperformance.eu/data/) - [Publications](https://ansperformance.eu/publications/) - [Reference](#) - [Definitions](https://ansperformance.eu/definition/) - [Methodology](https://ansperformance.eu/methodology/) - [Acronyms](https://ansperformance.eu/acronym/) - [Bibliography](https://ansperformance.eu/bibliography/) - [Links](#) - [EUROCONTROL](https://www.eurocontrol.int/) - [Single European Sky (SES) portal](https://www.eurocontrol.int/prudata/dashboard/) - [ICAO GANP](https://www4.icao.int/ganpportal/) - [Connectivity dashboard](https://ext.eurocontrol.int/connectivity_web/from) - [PRC Transformation Strategy](https://ansperformance.eu/transformation/) - [PRC Open Performance Data Initiative](https://opdi.aero) - [About](#) - [About the PRC](https://ansperformance.eu/about/prc/) - [About the AIU](https://ansperformance.eu/about/aiu/) - [About the PRU](https://ansperformance.eu/about/us/) - [Release notes](https://ansperformance.eu/post/) - [Disclaimer](https://ansperformance.eu/about/disclaimer/) - [Previous Versions](#) - [Version v9.0.3 (April 2023)](../#VERSION:v9.0.3) - [Version v10.0.0 (June 2024)](../#VERSION:v10.0.0) - [Version v10.0.1 (May 2025)](../#VERSION:v10.0.1) - [Latest Version](../#VERSION:latest) [](../standard_inputs.pdf "Download PDF") 1. [Environment](../chapters/rate_of_fuel_burn.html) 2. [7 Amount of emissions released by fuel burn](../chapters/amount_of_emissions_released_by_fuel_burn.html) - [Welcome](../index.html) - [Foreword](../chapters/foreword.html) - [Introduction](../chapters/introduction.html) - [Version changes](../chapters/change_log.html) - [General parameters](../chapters/conversions.html) - [Geographical areas](../chapters/geographical_areas.html) - Traffic and capacity - [1 Air traffic statistics and forecasts](../chapters/air_traffic_statistics_and_forecasts.html) - [2 Medium-term capacity planning](../chapters/medium-term_capacity_planning.html) - [3 Number of IFR flights](../chapters/number_of_ifr_flights.html) - [4 Air traffic delay](../chapters/air_traffic_delay.html) - [5 Transit time](../chapters/transit_time.html) - Environment - [6 Rate of fuel burn](../chapters/rate_of_fuel_burn.html) - [7 Amount of emissions released by fuel burn](../chapters/amount_of_emissions_released_by_fuel_burn.html) - [8 Cost of emissions](../chapters/cost_of_emissions.html) - [9 Cost of noise](../chapters/cost_of_noise.html) - [10 Shadow cost of carbon](../chapters/shadow_cost_of_carbon.html) - [11 Proportion of sustainable aviation fuel](../chapters/proportion_of_saf.html) - Airspace Users - [12 Aircraft operating costs](../chapters/aircraft_operating_costs.html) - [13 Average number of passengers](../chapters/average_number_of_passengers.html) - [14 Cancellation cost](../chapters/cancellation_cost.html) - [15 Operational cancellation rate](../chapters/operational_cancellation_rate.html) - [16 Cost of delay](../chapters/cost_of_delay.html) - [17 Cost of diversion](../chapters/cost_of_diversion.html) - [18 Turnaround time](../chapters/turnaround_time.html) - [19 IFR average flight distance and duration](../chapters/ifr_average_flight_distance_and_flight_duration.html) - [20 IFR flight information per market segment](../chapters/ifr_flight_information_per_market_segment.html) - [21 Distance flown by charging zone](../chapters/distance_flown_by_charging_zone.html) - [22 Load factor – cargo](../chapters/load_factor-cargo.html) - [23 Load factor – passengers](../chapters/load_factor-passengers.html) - [24 Cost of aviation fuel](../chapters/cost_of_aviation_fuel.html) - [25 Value of an average passenger flight](../chapters/value_of_an_average_passenger_flight.html) - [26 Fleet age](../chapters/fleet_age.html) - [27 Fleet size](../chapters/fleet_size.html) - [28 Fleet CNS capability](../chapters/fleet_cns_capability.html) - ATM - [29 En-route ANS costs](../chapters/en_route_ans_costs.html) - [30 Route charge share per market segment](../chapters/route_charge_share_per_market_segment.html) - [31 ANSP employment costs](../chapters/ansps_employment_costs.html) - [32 Asset life](../chapters/asset_life.html) - [33 ATM cost-effectiveness indicators](../chapters/atm_cost-effectiveness_indicators.html) - [34 ATM operational units](../chapters/atm_operational_units.html) - [35 CNS infrastructure](../chapters/cns_infrastructure.html) - [36 PBN and precision approach procedures](../chapters/pbn_and_precision_approach_procedures.html) - Airports - [37 Airport classification](../chapters/airport_classification.html) - [38 Taxi time](../chapters/taxiing_times.html) - Drones - [39 Investment in U-space](../chapters/investment_in_u-space.html) - [40 Drone fleet](../chapters/drone_fleet.html) - Passengers - [41 Purpose of passenger travel](../chapters/purpose_of_passenger_travel.html) - [42 Passenger value of time](../chapters/passenger_value_of_time.html) - Safety - [43 Accident/incident statistics](../chapters/accident-incident_statistics.html) - [44 Value of a statistical life](../chapters/value_of_a_statistical_life-vsl.html) - [45 Value of a statistical injury](../chapters/value_of_a_statistical_injury.html) - Financial values - [46 Discount rate](../chapters/discount_rate.html) - [47 Exchange rate](../chapters/exchange_rate.html) - General information - [Acronyms and definitions](../chapters/abbreviations.html) - [Methodology](../chapters/methodology.html) ## Table of contents - [7.1 EUROCONTROL recommended values](#eurocontrol-recommended-values) - [7.2 Other possible sources](#other-possible-sources) - [7.3 When to use the input?](#when-to-use-the-input) - [7.4 Related inputs](#related-inputs) - [7.5 References](#references) 1. [Environment](../chapters/rate_of_fuel_burn.html) 2. [7 Amount of emissions released by fuel burn](../chapters/amount_of_emissions_released_by_fuel_burn.html) # 7 Amount of emissions released by fuel burn Release 10.0.1 ## 7.1 EUROCONTROL recommended values This input represents the amount of emissions produced by combustion of aviation fuel (i.e. Kerosene), focusing on the main types of pollutants. Table 7.1: Estimated amount of emissions released per kg of fuel burnt Emissions per kg of fuel burnt fuel = Kerosene **Emission type** **Emission** CO2 3.15 kga H2O 1.237 kga SOx 0.00084 kgb 0.000114 kgc NOx 0.0148 kgd HC 0.00032 kgd CO 0.00325 kgd PM volatile 0.000092 kgd *Source 1: [EUROCONTROL (2018) European Aviation Fuel Burn and Emissions Inventory System for the European Environment Agency](https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/european-aviation-fuel-burn-and-emissions-inventory-system-feis-european-environment)* *Source 2: [MIT (2010) Laboratory for aviation and the environment – Guidance on the use of AEDT for gridded aircraft emissions in atmospheric models](https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.719.2090&rep=rep1&type=pdf)* *Source 3: [EUROCONTROL, EASA, EU (2022) European Aviation Environmental Report, EU27+FTA aviation emissions for year 2021](https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/european-aviation-environmental-report-2022)* a Source 1 b assuming 440 ppm, Source 2 c assuming 600 ppm, Source 2 d Source 3 The Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP), a technical committee of the ICAO Council, recommends the use a conversion factor of **3.16 g of CO2 per gram of Jet A**. The 3.16 value can be found in ICAO Doc 9889, 1st edition, 2011, and other documents. However, in Europe, as early as 2009, Commission Decision 2009/339/EC indicated an **emission factor of 3.15 for the mass conversion from Jet A to CO2** for the period after January 2021. In view of the above, emission factor 3.15 should continue to be used in SESAR activities, for the sake of internal consistency within the programme, unless the EU ETS decides to move to 3.16. Emission factor 3.16 should be used when the evaluation concerns comparisons with studies carried out within the ICAO framework or using the factor recommended by ICAO, in order to ensure external consistency.[1](#fn1) ## 7.2 Other possible sources - *European Aviation Environmental Report Series* [[1]](#ref-eaer2022) The 2022 edition shows the aviation sector has taken steps to address environmental challenges but also that more decisive actions are needed. In particular, the latest trends in aircraft engine emissions are shown in section 3.2. of the document. - *European Environment Agency (2023), EMEP[2](#fn2)/EEA air pollututant emission inventory guidebook 2023* [[2]](#ref-eea:2019) Provides values for emission factors and fuel consumption in different phases of flight – including taxiing – for different aircraft types, using three different levels of accuracy and complexity, in section 1.A.3.a of the document. - *ICAO Aircraft Engine Emissions Databank* Available on the [EASA website](https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/domains/environment/icao-aircraft-engine-emissions-databank), this source contains information on exhaust emissions of production aircraft engines, covering engine types whose emissions are regulated, namely turbojet and turbofan engines with a static thrust greater than 26.7 kilonewtons. - *Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation, Aircraft Engine Emissions* [[3]](#ref-foca:aee) Presents a measurement and calculation methodology for aircraft piston engine emissions in order to improve aviation emission inventories, as developed by FOCA. - *Swedish Defence Research Agency* [[4]](#ref-envimpact) Holds a database of emission indices of NOx, HC, and CO, with corresponding fuel flows for turboprop engines. ## 7.3 When to use the input? This input is recommended for a wide use in assessments that focus on the assessment of environmental impact from the burning of fuel at any stage of the flight. ## 7.4 Related inputs [Chapter 6](rate_of_fuel_burn.html) [Rate of fuel burn](rate_of_fuel_burn.html) [Chapter 8](cost_of_emissions.html) [Cost of emissions](cost_of_emissions.html) [Chapter 20](ifr_flight_information_per_market_segment.html) [IFR flight information per market segment](ifr_flight_information_per_market_segment.html) ## 7.5 References [1] EUROCONTROL, EASA, EU, “European Aviation Environmental Report 2022,” Sep. 2022 [Online]. Available: https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/european-aviation-environmental-report-2022 [2] European Environment Agency, “EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023,” 2023 [Online]. Available: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023 [3] Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation, “Aircraft Engine Emissions” [Online]. Available: https://www.bazl.admin.ch/bazl/en/home.html [4] Swedish Defence Research Agency, “The Environmental Impact of Aircraft” [Online]. Available: https://www.foi.se/en/foi/research/aeronautics-and-space-issues/environmental-impact-of-aircraft.html --- 1. Digital European Sky guidance and expert opinion[↩︎](#fnref1) 2. EMEP is a cooperative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe[↩︎](#fnref2) [6 Rate of fuel burn](../chapters/rate_of_fuel_burn.html) [8 Cost of emissions](../chapters/cost_of_emissions.html)