# National Outcome routine mapping of water, sanitation # and hygiene services levels ### Nigeria ## Summary of Survey Findings 2019 * * * the data gaps in the sector. It integrates users' perception of service levels with assessments of WASH facilities to national WASH coverage. The WASH-NORM collects a vast amount of data that can be used to track progress towards the attainment of national goals as captured in the National Open Defecation Free Roadmap, the Partnership for Expanded Water, Sanitation and Hygiene framework and the WASH Sector Revitalization Action Plan. The survey also effectively disaggregates data across different geopolitical zones, area of residence and demographic groups which can be used to target 44% \[Image: X18\] 46 million unserved and under-served people with appropriate policies and adequate resources that promote equity in access to WASH. The study also contains information on topics such as quality, dependability and adequacy of WASH services, which are of relevance to ensuring full coverage and sustainable access. This is the second round of the WASH-NORM survey. Under the overall leadership of the Federal Ministry of Water Resources, with technical and financial support from UNICEF, the World Bank and African Development Bank, data collection for NORM II was successfully carried out by National Bureau of Statistics. The survey was carried out in all the 36 states of the federation and federal capital territory, Abuja. This survey broadly focuses on two components: household based assessments of WASH levels and facility-based assessments of WASH infrastructure. Among other enhancements to the exercise, the incorporation of a household expenditure tool and water quality assessments were introduced as key components of NORM II. The following chart pack summarizes the findings from the survey. 46 million Practice open defecation 16% This is the second round of the WASH-NORM survey. Under the overall leadership of the Federal Ministry of Water Resources, with technical and financial support from UNICEF, the World Bank and African Development Bank, data collection for NORM II was successfully carried out by National Bureau of Statistics. The survey was carried out in all the 36 states of the federation and federal capital territory, Abuja. This survey broadly focuses on two components: household based assessments of WASH levels and facility-based assessments of WASH infrastructure. Among other enhancements to the exercise, the incorporation of a household expenditure tool and water quality assessments were introduced as key components of NORM II. The following chart pack summarizes the findings from the survey. 16% Households have access to basic hygiene services hygiene services 14% Schools have basic water and sanitation services 7% Health facilities have basic water and sanitation services Practice open defecation 14% Markets and Motor Parks have basic water and sanitation basic water and sanitation services 11% of households had at least one diarrhea case in the past 6 weeks Schools have basic water and sanitation services Markets and Motor Parks have basic water and sanitation services 11% * * * Equity in Access to Basic WASH Services Disparities were observed in the use of combined basic WASH services across different areas of residence, geopolitical zones and socioeconomic lines. The most significant disparities are related to wealth. The wealthiest households are more than eight times more likely to access basic WASH services than the poorest households. Have access to basic water, sanitation and hygiene services Access to Basic WASH Services Access to Basic WASH Services by Geopolitical Zones by Wealth Quintiles Equity in Access to Basic WASH Services Urban Small Poorest Poor Middle Rich Peri Rural Itinerant Richest Centers Towns Urban Areas Access to Basic WASH Services by Education of Household Head Access to Basic WASH Services by Education of Household Head (Literate vs. Non-Literate) Access to Basic WASH Services by Households with Persons Living with Disabilities Access to Basic WASH Services Access to Basic WASH Services by Gender of Head of Household * * * ### Area Value Map of Nigeria Showing Access to Basic WASH Services across States ### Trends in Access to Basic WASH Services Fewer people have access to basic water, sanitation and hygiene services in 2019 than in 2018. # 9% 11% ## 18 million people with access 21 million people with access * * * Access to Basic Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services in Nigeria 2019 2019 10% 2019 13% 34% 2018 32% 40 \[Image: X7\] 2018 17% Access to Basic Water and Sanitation Services by Wealth Quintiles \[Image: X7\] \[Image: X7\] Access to Basic Water and Hygiene Services by Wealth Quintiles have access to basic drinking water2018 2019 National 70% supply services Equity in Access to Basic Water Supply Services There are stark disparities in access to basic water supply services with regards to the wealth quintiles. People from the richest households. NC 66 SW 84 Access to Basic Water Services Access to Basic Water Services 68 78 Urban Peri Rural Small Itinerant Centers Urban Areas Towns Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest Access to Basic Water Services by Education of Household Head (Literate vs. Non-Literate) Access to Basic Water Services by Education of Household Head (Literate vs. Non-Literate) Access to Basic Water Services by Households with Persons Living with Disabilities Access to Basic Water Services by Households with Persons Living with Disabilities Access to Basic Water Services by Gender of Head of Household * * * \[Image: X14\] 100 100 7 Based on WHO/UNICEF JMP definitions, 14 Safely managed services are improved sources 29 within premises, available when needed and free from fecal coliform 54 Basic water services are improved drinking water Safely Managed Water Services Based on WHO/UNICEF JMP definitions, Notes: - Safely managed services are improved sources within premises, available when needed and free from fecal coliform - Unimproved water services are drinking water sources from an unprotected well or unprotected spring - Surface water are drinking water sources from a river, dam, lake, pond, stream, or irrigation canal * * * Characteristics of Water Supply Systems In Nigeria Management of Publicly-used Water Facilities \[Image: X7\] estimated water facilities exist in Nigeria WASHCOMS 33% of water facilities have provisions for people living with disabilities 6% of all publicly-used water facilities have tariff system in place facilities have water point management committees in place facilities have water point facility caretakers in place Female \[Image: X20\] \[Image: X20\] \[Image: X20\] 28 out of 36 states out of 36 states (+ FCT) have urban water utilities that produce water 8% \[Image: X25\] 8% of urban water of urban utilities' utilities' consumers consumers do 41% of all taps fed by urban utilities' supply are contaminated with E. coli Public water utilities are currently producing water in only 28 out of 36 states, plus the federal capital territory. In 16 states, the public utilities are classified as functional, that is, consistently producing water, supplying to active consumers and collecting user fees. * * * Urban 73% Rural 75% Motorized 84% Functionality of All Facilities by Ownership 74% Dug Wells 89% Publicly-used respect to their functionality and only 8 per cent are dependable with respect to their operations and maintenance. Functionality of All Facilities by Usage Rainwater 86% Dependability of Public Water Systems in Nigeria 07 Operations and Maintenance * * * ## Adequacy of Water Systems In Nigeria In rural areas, the average per capita share of drinking water is 8.6 liters/person/day. Only 19% of the population are using water supply systems in rural areas that meet the adequacy threshold of providing "sufficient" quantities of water or a minimum of 16 liters of water per person per day for those living within 500 meters from the water system. ## Per Capita Share of Water by Geopolitical Zones Per Capita Share of Water by Population ## (liters/person/day) Served Sufcient (18.81%) Suitable (7.92%) Stretched (13.86%) Stressed (26.73%) Snapped (32.67%) **National North North North South South South** **Central East West East South West** **Notes:** "Snapped" water facilities refers to systems that are not contributing to per capita share due to non-functionality "Stressed" water facilities are systems that are serving more than 3 times the population they should serve and providing less than 5 liters per capita share "Stretched" water facilities are systems that are serving about twice the population they should serve and providing between 5 and 12 liters in per **capita share** "Suitable" systems meet the prescribed per capita share in line with National Standards and providing between 12 and 16 liters in per capita share "Sufficient" water facilities are systems meeting the per capita share of 16 liters and above ## Map Showing the Per Capita Share of Water across Nigeria * * * Not Contaminated (34%) Rural 31% Rural 30% Contaminated (66%) Contaminated (63%) Proportion of uncontaminated Public Water 45% Utilities Public Taps 52% Wells No Contamination (42%) Developed Organoleptic Tests at Drinking Water Sources 30 Organoleptic Tests at Drinking Water Sources E. Coli Load at Water Source and Point of Consumption * * * \[Image: X17\] National 23% Urban 53% Urban 10% Have access to basic sanitation services 53% 40% 53 Access to Basic Sanitation Services by Area of Residence Areas Centers Urban Towns 10 Urban Rural 10% 29% Open Defecation by Area of Residence * * * Access to Basic Sanitation Services by Wealth Quintiles 69 (Literate vs. Non-Literate) Living with Disabilities Access to Basic Sanitation Services by Education of Household Head (Literate vs. Non-Literate) Access to Basic Sanitation Services by Gender of Head of Household Open Defecation by Geopolitical Zones Open Defecation by Wealth Quintiles Open Defecation by Gender of Head of Household * * * Access to Basic Sanitation Services by State \[Image: X4\] \[Image: X4\] \[Image: X4\] \[Image: X14\] \[Image: X14\] Sanitation Services Ladder - Basic sanitation services are improved facilities which are not shared with other households - Unimproved sanitation services are are pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines or bucket latrines * * * Services by Geopolitical Zones Services by Area of Residence Urban Rural 29 20% 14% 21 19 16 14 16% 15 \[Image: X16\] have access to basic hygiene services Centers Urban Areas Towns Access to Basic Hygiene Services by Education of Household Head (Literate vs. Non-Literate) Heads of Households have knowledge of at least 2 critical times for handwashing Access to Basic Hygiene Services by Households with Persons Living with Disabilities 81% Access to Basic Hygiene Services by Gender of Head of Household Heads of Households demonstrated proper handwashing with water and soap under running Heads of Households demonstrated proper handwashing with water and soap under running * * * \[Image: X5\] Almost half of Jigawa population has access to basic hygiene services compared to only 1% of citizens in Ebonyi state. Hygiene Services Ladder Hygiene Services Ladder - Basic hygiene services where handwashing facility is available on premises and with soap and water - Limited hygiene services where handwashing facility is available on premises without soap and water * * * WASH in Schools Only 14 per cent of schools have basic water supply and sanitation services. Disparities in Access to Water and Sanitation Services in Schools Primary schools are more disadvantaged in access to basic water and sanitation services than secondary schools. 5% Access to Basic Water and Sanitation Services Access to Basic Water and Sanitation services in Access to Basic Water and Sanitation Services Primary Secondary 1.2% 1.2% Schools have basic gender-sensitive sanitation and hygiene service. These are schools with useable improved toilet/latrines with separate blocks for males and females, available at all * * * Urban 49% Schools have basic hygiene services Rural 28% Rural 8% Access to Basic Water Supply Services in Schools 43 Access to Basic Sanitation Services in Schools by Type Schools have basic sanitation services 10% Primary Secondary 19% Schools have basic water supply services that are accessible to 19% Schools have basic water supply services that are accessible to pupils/students living with disabilities Schools have girls’ toilet compartments with provisions for menstrual hygiene management 3% Schools have girls' toilet compartments with provisions for menstrual hygiene management * * * WASH in Health Facilities Primary health facilities are more disadvantaged in access to basic water and sanitation services than secondary facilities. Access to basic water and sanitation services is generally low across all geopolitical zones. Access to Basic Water and Sanitation Services in National Disparities in Access to Water and Sanitation Services in Health Care Facilities Health Facilities by Type 17 Primary health facilities are more disadvantaged in access to basic water and sanitation services than secondary facilities. Access to basic water and sanitation services is generally low across all geopolitical zones. 14% health care facilities by Geopolitical Zones Diarrhea Prevalence in Nigeria 1 in 10 1 in 10 Households had at least one member who suffered diarrhea in the past 6 weeks preceding the survey 1 in 10 Households had at least one member who suffered diarrhea in the past 6 weeks preceding the survey of household members who suffered diarrhea are children under five years old * * * Urban 77% Health facilities have Health facilities have basic hygiene Rural 50% Rural 17% services Access to Basic Water Supply Services in Health Facilities by Type 81 Access to Basic Sanitation Services in Health Facilities by Type Health facilities have basic sanitation services Primary Secondary 34% Health facilities have basic water supply services that are accessible to persons living with 34% Health facilities have basic water supply services that are accessible to persons living with disabilities accessible to persons living with Health facilities have basic sanitation services that are accessible to persons living with 21% Health facilities have their garbage/waste separated into at least three labeled bins in the consultation areas and safely disposed * * * WASH in Markets and Motor Parks NC 11 About 27 per cent of markets and motor parks in Nigeria have basic water supply services, a quarter have access to basic sanitation services and only 5 per cent have access to basic hygiene services. Markets and motor parks in SW 18 SS SE 27% Markets/Motor Parks with basic hygiene with basic hygiene Rural 18%services Rural 2% 17% 21% Markets and Motor Parks have basic water supply services that are accessible to persons living with disabilities are accessible to persons living 24% Markets/Motor Parks with basic sanitation services * * * Household Expenditure on WASH Water \[Image: X5\] \[Image: X22\] is spent by households on water sanitation and hygiene services annually 1,214 B $ 4 B \[Image: X5\] Breakdown by Sector 244 B 448 B Storage and Transport (36.9%) Water * * * ![The image is a dark blue background with the logo of UNICEF at the bottom left corner, which includes two white horses facing each other. Above the logo, there is text that reads "unicef for every child."](https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/pdfuploads/2019%20WASH%20NORM%20SURVEY%20FINDINGS%20-%20INFOGRAPHIC%20SUMMARY.pdf)