# Textile Industry Effluents in Kaduna — Yusuff & Sonibare

**Citation:** Yusuff, R.O. & Sonibare, J.A. (2004). Characterization of textile industries' effluents in Kaduna, Nigeria and pollution implications. *Global Journal of Environmental Sciences* (journal.gnest.org), 212–221.

**Link:** https://journal.gnest.org/sites/default/files/Journal%20Papers/Yusuff_212-221.pdf

**Relevant quotes / tables:**

Table 3. Physico-chemical Characteristics of Effluents from the Textile Mills:

| Parameter | Mill 1 | Mill 2 | Mill 3 | Mill 4 | Mill 5 | FMENV limit |
|-----------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|-------------|
| Flow rate (m³/day) | 10,900 | 17,800 | 35,000 | 17,280 | 16,200 | — |
| pH | 10.21 | 11.23 | 11.04 | 11.53 | 10.47 | 6–9 |
| COD (mg/L) | 2,120 | 1,650 | 2,430 | 2,190 | 1,067 | 80 |
| BOD₅ (mg/L) | 227 | 382 | 645 | 242 | 163 | 50 |
| TSS (mg/L) | 245 | 35 | 471 | 1,200 | 49 | 30 |
| TDS (mg/L) | 1,130 | 2,200 | 1,480 | 848 | 250 | 2,000 |

> "Both measured BOD and COD levels also exceed the set limit by about three and thirteen folds respectively."

**What it feeds:**
- `ng.waste.wastewater.industrial` textile-sector BOD/COD/flow data.

**Confidence:** Medium–High — five mills with explicit flow rates and concentrations.

**Limitations:** Sampling date not in extracted text; all mills non-compliant with pH and organic load.